Innovation and Risk Management †Free Sample Assignment

Question: Examine about the Innovation and Risk Management? Answer: Presentation In the accompanying exposition, a basic investigation has been directed on the seven-measurement structure of advancement technique of outstanding amongst other creative British organization, Dyson Ltd. Established by James Dyson in 1993, Dyson Ltd. manages the assembling of household types of gear like bladeless fans, hand dryers, warmers and uniquely, vacuum cleaners (Rubalcaba et al. 2012). Dysons plan was to spend an enormous division of the benefit on exploration and development of shockingly better items instead of on publicizing. Dyson got that, regardless of whether items have a brand esteem, if quality declines step by step, or some other organization grows better quality items, the clients won't accepting his items (Waller and Sag 2014). This article depends on a basic report examining the advancement and the board approaches of Dyson Ltd., which have supported the brilliant ascent of the organization. This paper likewise breaks down the fundamental seven-overlap advancement system that shapes the premise of development the executives of each organization. Study on Innovation Strategy Framework The fleeting ascent of Dyson Ltd. in worldwide market owes to the way that at first, James Dyson burned through the vast majority of the benefits on examination and advancement contemplates. Despite the fact that vacuum cleaners were accessible since 1901, James Dyson made a forward leap by designing the Dual Cyclone TM vacuum cleaner (Cassia et al. 2012). This new and proficient model handily pulled in clients to purchase from Dyson. A huge portion of the benefit picked up by the organization was utilized to finance further research work and selecting new designers. Dyson Ltd. has since kept firm power over the residential gadgets advertise, attributable to its imaginative and proficient models and savvy items (Rubalcaba et al. 2012). The organization keeps on exploring to develop stunningly better and modernized items and in any event, taking a shot at the plan to blend standard residential supplies in with PC programming innovation (Stilgoe et al. 2013). As indicated by different specialists and showcasing examiners, there is an essential seven dimensional development system (Smyth 2013). Each imaginative organization must follow this system so as to make progress in worldwide market (Cassia et al. 2012). This seven-measurement structure is as per the following: Vital Innovation Procedure - According to an examination directed by Kiron et al. (2013), a vital advancement the executives procedure is expected to break down people groups needs and assembling items as indicated by them. What's more, arranging ought to be made so as to develop new items that may be required by individuals later on (Anderson et al. 2014). So as to stay up with the contenders and changing worldwide markets, this advancement methodology is essential for any creative organization. This procedure for the most part includes both customary and whimsical components. It is utilized to break down past market and customer patterns. It is likewise a point of view of giving a significant advancement including radical thoughts, status difficulties and headway in the correct way. This additionally includes a collaboration, which includes trade of thoughts, investigation, innovative thoughts, intercession and improvement in bunch ventures (Klionsky et al. 2012). Procedure Alignment - Alignment towards a fixed system strategy is to be trailed by partners and higher specialists of the organization (Zott and Amit 2015). This strategy for the most part includes keeping up the objectives and rules strategy as organized by the organization. Another obligation of the pioneers is to inspire and urge the laborers to work all the more effectively and assembling results of the most ideal quality. This will eventually assist the organization with growing in universal markets (Waller and Sag 2014). Premonition of Market Demands - As opined by Cassia et al. (2012), the most significant piece of the system for organizations ought to be to anticipate the future market requests and flexibly from enterprises. This will assist the organization with coping with the changing outside business sectors and make worldwide progress (Smyth 2013). What's more, anticipating market requests causes the organization to experience reasonable changes to address general issues (Klionsky et al. 2012). Shopper Insight - Consumer knowledge is fundamental for the organization to keep up a decent client base and meet the general needs of individuals. Ordinary gracefully of value items encourages the organization to build its client base (Stilgoe et al. 2013). As opined by Owen et al. (2013), customer understanding is a subjective methodology that changes over bits of knowledge into activities. For the most part an inventive methodology, it requests profound comprehension of requests and appropriate advancements to satisfy such requests. Center Technology - This procedure incorporates usage of most recent mechanical gadgets by the organization for the creation of merchandise instead of staying with old techniques to keep up a brand esteem (Davenport 2013). This is expected to contend in a changing business sector requests and produce modern items to urge clients to get them. Sorted out Management - For any organization to plan a practical and effective promoting and creation procedure, a composed administration framework is significant. A reasonable administration framework is additionally expected to work the budgetary and creation parts of the organization (Owen et al. 2013). There are three different ways to accomplish this social status, auxiliary preparation and procedure availability (Stilgoe et al. 2013). These allude to the availability of the organization by fixing a total outlook with respect to social, hierarchical and operational exercises. Restrained Approach - According to Kahn et al. (2012), the accomplishment of developments and application techniques rely upon the methodology followed by an organization. Achievement is possibly picked up when the developments are applied in a taught and vital route in the worldwide markets (Zott and Amit 2015). At the point when an organization has finished its standard of advancements program, another white and clear space is to be intended to seek after new headings in developments and innovations (Tidd 2014). Each organization ought to appropriately comprehend the contrasts among development and creation. Advancement is finding additional opportunities to overhaul a current item to expand its productivity, quality and reasonability. Then again, innovation alludes to making an altogether new item that was not accessible previously (Cassia et al. 2012). A fruitful creation is the structure of another item that will be helpful and cost proficient. As it were, development is the detailing of another item, while advancement is the use of another plan to overhaul a current item. Besides, advancement is important to introduce an item in an alluring bundle to draw in clients (Kiron et al. 2013). Dyson Ltd. for the most part follows this seven-overlay system structure notwithstanding their own advertising and operational approaches. The organization, in the wake of increasing gigantic achievement around the world, the organization expects to execute a hazardous and striking development plan for expanding brand esteem considerably more (Stilgoe et al. 2013). The organization likewise plans to name in excess of 3000 new architects and experienced originators at its administrations to advance development. Moreover, the organization has just stepped up to the plate by purchasing a few equipment and programming experts, which has expanded the size of the building group of the organization (Tidd 2014). Dyson Ltd. have additionally set up another automated examination lab as a piece of its advancement improvement program (Rubalcaba et al. 2012). Dyson likewise purchased privileges of a LED lighting organization that acted independently regardless of whether it was an auxiliary to Dy son Ltd (Klionsky et al. 2012). Every one of these exercises are signs that Dyson Ltd. had everlasting designs for advancements and development, and notwithstanding it, increase considerably more offer in the worldwide market. Not at all like other global effective organizations, Dyson didn't have a specific and extraordinary item to begin with, rather, it began by redesigning a previously existing item. Hence, the life expectancy of the organization at first relied upon the accomplishment of their imaginative thoughts (Cassia et al. 2012). While a few organizations stress on plans just for it, Dyson underlines on structures of items just in the event that they increment the quality and effectiveness of the item (Stilgoe et al. 2013). As of now, the organization has chosen to include a bit of programming plan and modernized programming to the general residential items like vacuum cleaner and others (Davenport 2013). One case of its fruitful application is the new 360 Eye Vacuum Cleaner, which is named as an automated vacuum cleaner by certain analysts. This 360 Eye is a goliath jump by Dyson in the field of advancement (Owen et al. 2013). As a rule, the development strategies of organizations are driven by a few elements. These are talked about as follows: Market guidelines with respect to extraordinary items are to be diminished. This aides in extension of business and gives chance to gracefully more motivating forces for advancement research. What's more, progressively outside speculations can be actualized, expanding assets for research and a chance to arrive at a remote market (Davenport 2013). There should be a steady large scale economy notwithstanding low paces of intrigue. This quickens the development of advancement research, since this makes a stable and cost-accommodating condition for satisfactory speculation (Kahn et al. 2012). Outside and inside accounts should be saved accessible for fruitful activity of examination (Cassia et al. 2012). A development ought to be bolstered for open examination. This is essential to help business in segment research, despite the fact that this will include work of a tremendous work power (Kiron et al. 2013). Regardless, the key system question remains how to strike an appropriate congruity between giving inspirations and prizes to laborers and giving access of new data to customers. Over the later part, the condition has been moving more for right holders, regardless, generally because of changing conditions furthermore as an arranged mov

Tobacco Litigation and the Youth Essay Example For Students

Tobacco Litigation and the Youth Essay Tobacco Litigation and the YouthAbstractOver the yearsthe tobacco industry has confronted various contentions. Despite the fact that it hasbeen blamed for everything shy of homicide it has figured out how to endure andthrive. However, the pattern is changing the customers are no longer to sit back andsign their execution orders and those of their kids as they breathe in the deadlysmoke that rises up out of the producer item. They are retaliating andthe law is supporting them as far as possible. (Penetrate JP et al 1991)Introduction. The business ofmaking tobacco items has come into the spotlight as the trick theoriesof the business are being uncovered. Through the prosecution being conveyed outagainst them, it has been seen that the business players are an oligopoly in afree showcase and are against the buyer. They have no qualities for the rights ofthe purchasers and are working for sheer benefit. They have together made thetrend of stifling the improvement of less risky cigarettes so that thereare no ways for correlation against the more hurtful cigarettes. The explanation forthis is basic. The business is one that is subject to its item. In the event that onecompany blames another for making an item that is hurtful or addictive theother organizations will stick to this same pattern and if this happens the buyer would have tosit up and tune in. They would then understand that everything isn't blushing and the messagebeing given to them that smoking is something done by effective, healthy,young, grinning indivi duals with extremely white teeth isn't right. (Herbert B. 1998)False AdvertisingThe tobaccoindustry is dealing with indictments of bogus promoting. For a considerable length of time the organizations havetargeted the crowd making bogus claimsin disdain of knowing the damage thatthe item causes. With the rise of the worldwide market the buyers havegotten more intelligent and understand that the tobacco organizations have been giving them thewrong data in regards to the showcasing of their item. (New York Times;October 11, 1998.)Consider thestatements being made by the agents of the tobacco organizations thatsmoking is innocuous. In 1994, the CEOs of seven tobacco organizations testified,under pledge, that nicotine isn't addictive. But, the tobacco organizations havelong realized that nicotine is addictive. One industry record from 1963 says, . . . nicotine is addictive. We are . . . in the matter of selling nicotine,an addictive medication. (http://www.womenof.com/Articles/le030298.a sp)Similarly thetobacco industry has realized that smoking causes disease but then, they have madepublic claims that have expressed that they don't have decisive evidence of thefact. We will compose a custom article on Tobacco Litigation and the Youth explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now However, in theirown records, the tobacco organizations had a lot of confirmation that smoking cigarettesdoes cause malignancy. A 1961 classified update, for instance, describescigarette tobacco as:1. Cancercausing; 2. Cancerpromoting; 3. Poisonous;and 4. Stimulating,pleasurable, and delightful. Immature SmokingWhat has reallycreated the intensity against the tobacco business is the acknowledgment that theyare focusing on our future and devastating it. It is focusing on the adolescent. Accordingto a U.S. Specialist Generals Report, each day 3,000 youngsters become smokers. Ofthose 3,000 children, 1,000 will kick the bucket rashly on account of their tobacco propensity. Tobacco use among minors has risen significantly as of late, in spite of thefact that it stays unlawful for minors to buy tobacco. Each year,425,000 Americans bite the dust from smokinga propensity the majority of them started as youngsters. Toput that number in context, consider the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. That is multiple times the quantity of names on the Vietnam divider. (http://www.womenof.com/Articles/le030298.asp)The actuality is thatsmoking for youth less than eighteen years old is viewed as unlawful andyet, organizations despite everything take into account the children breaking the lawtime and time once more. Joe Camel is despite the fact that its by all account not the only one will be one of promoting aimeddirectly, and effectively, at kids. Concurring tofiles from the tobacco business surveys were investigated with respect to the best mannerin which to offer cigarettes to kids from the age of 14-18. Children were encouragedto shoplift to get cigarettes so that later on they would become goodcustomers. Philip MorrissMarlboro, turned into the prevailing brand by the mid 1970s on the quality of itsappeal to youthful gen X-ers. Archives show that each maker looked for toreplicate that achievement. Todays young person is tomorrows potential regularcustomer, and the larger part of smokers initially start to smoke whilein their adolescents, noticed a 1981 Philip Morris corporate update. At leastpart of the accomplishment of Marlboro Red during its most quick development period wasbecause it turned into the brand of decision among adolescents who at that point stayed with it asthey became more established. The record characterized youngsters as those 12 to 19 yearsold. (Fromson 1998)Litigation CausesIn lieu of thefacts that have been acknowledged through a portion of the prosecution cases the Congressbegan to consider shaping a National Legislation that would permit all tobaccolawsuits to be settled. The purpose behind the enactment would be basic. Whilethe tobacco organizations option to offer to grown-ups would be predeterminedit wouldnot reserve the option to market to the young. This would be done through providingthe open precise data and considering the grown-ups as having the rightto settle on an educated decision. The nationallegislation would then be in a situation to put forth an attempt with the goal that thegovernment would make youth quit smoking. The national enactment would permit the country to realizethe impacts of tobacco on the kids and be more fitting than the statestrying to battle against the questionable suits emerging all through its residency. Thenational enactment would adjust administrative force between the states andfederal organizations. (Skretny MT, et al 1990)State of Colorado versus the Tobacco Companies 1997The State ofColorado recorded suit against tobacco organizations on the grounds that the business over theyears has focused on youth with their items and has limited the idea thattobacco was addictive. Subsequently, state Medicaid reserves have been expended atan disturbing rate to address the medical issues brought about by the individuals who smoke. This settlement holds the tobacco business at risk for smoking-related illnessesand grants harms appropriately. The settlementreached between the five biggest tobacco organizations and lawyers general from46 states, four domains and the District of Columbia will add up to $206billion more than 25 years. Colorado will get about $2.7 billion over thatperiod. Colorados introductory offer is relied upon to be nearly $33 million, with thestate getting generally $100 million every year under the terms of thesettlement. Be that as it may, the last sum depends on a few components of whichinflation and tobacco utilization are significant factors. .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d , .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d .postImageUrl , .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d , .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d:hover , .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d:visited , .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d:active { border:0!important; } .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d:active , .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d:hover { obscurity: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content beautification: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u597d9d7539598c9c68d69c65f4c9931d:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Things They Carried By Tim O'Brien EssayA studyconducted by the University of California at Berkeley found that clinical billsfrom tobacco-related ailments all out a faltering $72 billion in the U.S. eachyear. These costs are genuinely over the top and Colorado should utilize its offer ofthe tobacco settlement to improve the soundness of Coloradans and forestall the highmedical bills related with this lethal propensity. Storm Norton StatementI am an advocate of moral obligation forones activities. The historical backdrop of the war on drugs exhibits the trouble ofregulating Americans utilization of substances. With 48 million Americans dependent tonicotine, I accept there is minimal possibility of building up an open accord atleast in the following 10-15 years preferring tobacco deny

Health Article Review - How to Write a Great Article About Health Products

Health Article Review - How to Write a Great Article About Health ProductsHealth article review helps in attracting consumers to the various products or services available in the market. It ensures that people who read the articles are not left out of the benefits that the products offer them. Consumers are given the opportunity to judge a product as to whether it offers them what they need or not. It is important to make sure that people involved in writing an article are both knowledgeable about the product and experienced in writing articles about them.Anyone can write an article about a product, but it is important to ensure that the content is actually written by an expert consumer review. It is important to use the information in the article properly so that it helps in evaluating the product correctly. An article that has no valid information is useless.The first thing to consider while writing an article is the topic of the article. It is important to remember that the goal o f any article that you write should be to draw attention to the product. It is best to focus on one or two products and write an article on them to draw the readers.Another aspect that needs to be considered while writing an article is that the writer should have completed the task of market research prior to writing the article. Market research helps in determining the importance of the products. It should be remembered that different people will look for different things. This means that the article should have enough information to help in the evaluation process.The consumer needs to know how the product works before he or she buys it. By giving them the details of the product in the article, they will be able to make an informed decision to buy it. It is also important to ensure that the product is really good and worthy of being bought.To help consumers make an informed decision it is important to write the article well. In order to accomplish this, it is important to write an article based on facts rather than statements. Writing an article based on statements usually does not work as people are drawn to the facts in an article.Readers are willing to read an article based on the facts as opposed to a statement that is being made. For example, if the statement is that a product helps in weight loss, the reader will be attracted towards the product only if it helps in weight loss. When the writer claims that the product does not help in weight loss, it is more difficult to be sold as the reader will be easily drawn towards a statement such as weight loss if it does not help in weight loss.To get the best quality articles, it is important to use a reliable health article review site. The key to getting better quality articles is ensuring that the writer is both knowledgeable and experienced. This is done through the use of testimonials and reviews from other readers that are able to vouch for the accuracy of the writer.

My First Sexual Experience - Original Writing - 1682 Words

D) My first sexual experience was when I was 18 and I lost my virginity by being raped. The guy (J) and I had met online and we went on a first date when it happened. Absolutely no romance was involved. I barely knew the guy. I was under the influence when it happened, and because of that I didn’t realize that it was rape for quite a while. It didn’t happen like they portray it in the movies. It wasn’t violent, I was constantly saying no, it wasn’t super forceful. I was under the influence, I was in no condition to consent and I was taken advantage of by a man six years older than me that knew I was a virgin. I repressed my feelings about it for a while. I regretted the entire situation and often felt guilty, and felt that it was my fault.†¦show more content†¦For a long time, I blamed myself for the situation because I had told him to put on a condom and I felt that was me consenting. But in reality, I knew that he was going to have sex with me r egardless and I was too drunk and scared to be able to say no and push him away. I didn’t tell anyone about it for a long time. I had my suspicions that it was rape but I didn’t start calling it that until I started going to therapy and told my story. My therapist told me that it was rape and I didn’t know how to process that. I kept it to myself for a while longer, knowing that if I let it out, I would get blamed for it and I was right. When I finally told my parents, they were angry. They had basically told me that I put myself in that situation. Like I said above, I was reckless with sex and had multiple sexual partners. My parents were more stuck on the fact that I had had a lot of sex rather than the reason behind it. Because in their minds, I was an out of control slut with no morals. They didn’t realize that I had gone through something traumatic and was trying to cope with it. So they punished me, taking away my phone, the internet, my car, everyt hing that gave me independence. The only thing I could do was go to work. My mom would email me articles about how I had narcissistic personality disorder because I had no empathy for what they were going through and all I cared about was myself.Show MoreRelatedBiography Of Cherrie Moraga s Loving, The War Years 1567 Words   |  7 PagesIn her book, Loving in the War Years, Cherrie Moraga narrates her experiences and progresses ideas concerning her existence as a Chicana and a lesbian in American society. She uses variety of literary forms that include short stories, poems, personal reminiscences, and essays. The confusion and personal struggle Moraga recounts speak to the readers as one by the usage of Moraga’s words. 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Evaluation Of A Nursing Internship Experience Based On An...

Practicum Evaluation Summary With ongoing monetary restraints and increased federal regulatory requirements over hospital-acquired conditions, health care executives, leaders, and providers are increasingly challenged to keep patient safe and deliver quality patient care. In 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) stopped reimbursing hospitals for cost associated with treating hospital-acquired stage III and IV pressure ulcers. According to CMS, Pressure ulcers and skin breakdown are serious patient care issue because most are considered reasonably preventable. Preventing skin breakdown and pressure ulcers are a high priority for acute care facilities. Health care facilities are engaging in evidence-based practices†¦show more content†¦The learning objectives for the practicum are relevant and purpose-driven activities the graduate nurse employed to obtain or meet the practicum goals. The first objective was to analyze the learning needs of the nursing staff in relations to wound c are, assessment and documentation. A training need assessment was developed to accomplish this objective. A training need assessment serves as a diagnostic tool to determine training needs. The training needs assessment assist in accomplishing individual and organizational goals and objectives. It reduces or identifies gaps between employee knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA) and the KSAs that are required to perform a job or task. The developing a training need assessment was not an easy task because the primary focus were on job knowledge and allowing the assesse the opportunity to provide comments on further or future training needs. To better concept wound care, an extensive research on peer-reviewed or scholarly articles though of wounds though the University of Phoenix online libraries services. There were an overwhelming number of scholarly articles and literature from professional organizations. A bibliography of selected articles was complied and it related to the pra cticum goals and objectives. The second objective was to design a unit skin assessment, wound classification, and wound documentation educational program plan for

A Case of Juvenile Justice Essays - 1116 Words

Charlie – A Case in Juvenile Justice Melissa Thomas CJ420 – Juvenile Justice Prof. Amy Ng December 4, 2012 Abstract Children are gifts from above and need guidance and love. If either one is absent then they are at risk of becoming juvenile offenders or career criminals. The juvenile justice system has many players that facilitate the tools for a juvenile to use an offense as a learning experience. The juvenile encounters three important individuals; the juvenile police officer, probation officer and the judge. These three people dictate what happens to the youthful offender depending on his behavior during the juvenile justice process. â€Å"One good teacher in a lifetime may sometimes change a delinquent into a solid citizen.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Considering that the crime Charlie had committed is a class â€Å"B† misdemeanor and not a status offense the officer decided to press charges. As stated in the Texas Penal Code the crime of theft or shoplifting is a Class B misdemeanor if: 1. The value of the property stolen is: a. $50 or more but less than $500; or b. $20 or more but less than $500 and the defendant obtained the property by issuing or passing a check or similar sight order in a manner described by Section 31.06; or 2. the value of the property stolen is less than: a. $50 and the defendant has previously been convicted of any grade of theft; or b. $20, the defendant has previously been convicted of any grade of theft, and the defendant obta ined the property by issuing or passing a check or similar sight order in a manner described by Section 31.06; (Texas Penal Code - Section 31.03) Because of the severity of the offense in relation to the age of the offender it was a prudent decision for the officer to request the juvenile to appear in court. In the juvenile justice system the probation officer is assigned after the offender’s first court appearance. 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In discussing Jamal Vick, a range of youth crime issues surfaces, including: †¢ Balancing treatment verses punishment †¢ Responses to serious juvenile offenders o Waiver into the adult criminal justice system o Utilize the juvenile justice system o Blend elements of both the adult system and the juvenile system †¢ Youth in confinement o Growing numbers of youthRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice Process Essay1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe Juvenile Justice Process: A Breakdown of the System Dana R Kirkland Strayer University Abstract Although based on the adult criminal justice system, the juvenile justice process works differently. Juveniles can end up in court by way of arrest, truancy or for curfew violations or running away. A youth may also be referred to the juvenile court system by school officials or a parent or guardian for being continuously disobedient. The juvenile justice process involves several different stepsRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Criminal Justice1368 Words   |  6 Pages The border between juvenile justice and criminal justice did not endure the juvenile court’s first century. By the 1980s, there was general disappointment with both the means and the ends of normal juvenile justice. As with every other social repair efforts, it is difficult to say whether frustration with juvenile justice was born of erroneous concept or of wretched execution. The administering accepted by justice policy, however, was unmistakable. Juvenile courts began to adopt the sentiment andRead MoreStatus Offenders, Dependent and Neglected Youths, and Juvenile Victimizations1872 Words   |  7 PagesDependent and Neglected Youths, and Juvenile Victimizations: As they come into contact with the juvenile justice system different, delinquent youths are treated differently in this system. Notably, the jurisdiction of this system and its courts also extends to non-delinquent youths like dependent and neglected youths, and status offenders. However, non-delinquents are not only viewed differently but they are also treated separately from delinquents. In most cases, non-delinquents are regarded as childrenRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The Criminal Justice System860 Words   |  4 PagesOnce youth is committed a crime he or she must face the criminal justice. Whether it is simple face to face contact with the police officer or trip to juvenile facility, juvenile is becoming part of the criminal justice system. For many youth it is their first contact with the justice system however for some others it is a very familiar process. So once juvenile is making face to face contact with the police officers, his life is in the hands of that officer w ho can make very important and sometimeRead MoreJuvenile vs Adult Justice System Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesAdult Justice v Juvenile Justice System There is no question that if a person is involved in any type of crime they will at some time make their way through the justice system. However, when that person is an adolescent they will go through the juvenile justice system, as an adult would go through the adult justice system. Even though the crimes of each can be of the same manner or hold the same severity the punishment results can differ. The main reason for having the two different justiceRead MoreComment On The Juvenile Justice System943 Words   |  4 Pagesincreased punitiveness in juvenile justice. When is it appropriate to have cases involving murder or rape be heard in juvenile courts, and when should they be heard in adult court? Please be specific. It has been understood by society that juveniles have been committing more serious crimes while the juvenile justice system had also become lenient with juvenile offenders. They were only getting a ‘slap on the risk’ as some members of society interpreted it, by the juvenile justice. This therefore led toRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is Creating A Criminal Class758 Words   |  4 PagesSuch reactions and critiques of the juvenile justice system enforce the notion that the juvenile system is creating a criminal class. Black’s theory states that patterns of relationships between the parties involved in a case predict the styles and forms of social control, relationships between intimates would result in more informal handling of cases. Law and formal control arise when informal control is weak and unavailable. Legal control by the state develops when social control of familiesRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System And Juveniles1663 Words   |  7 Pagesthe criminal justice system and juveniles, there have been many landmark cases that have made a significant impact on the juvenile justice system. The cases arise from dealing with certain aspects that comes from handling juveniles entering the system. Since juveniles are very different from adults they have to deal with them a certain way and a case by case basis. The court cases concerning juveniles and the decisions that have come from them is what has made what the juvenile justice system is today

Accounting for Goodwill Impairment Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Summarize the disclosure requirements for Impairment as per AASB 136 2.Critically analyse to what extent the latest annual report of your Company meets the disclosure requirements for Impairment as per AASB 136 3.A Critical analysis of some of the Complexities and key Issues involved in Impairment testing. Answers: Introduction: The term impairment means the fact that the value of the asset that has long lived has reduced to below the market value. In order to illustrate, a company had spent a huge amount of money on its plant but due to the market conditions, its value fell drastically. Hence, that plant would be considered to be impaired (Accounting coach, 2017). 1.AASB 136 disclosure requirements: In respect of impairment of assets, any entity is duty bound to disclose the following in respect of each one class of the asset: The amount of the impairment loss that has occurred during the period and the same must be stated in the statement of profit and loss during the same year along with the various line items of the statement of comprehensive income in which those losses have taken place The amounts of the reversals of the losses of impairment and the same have been stated in the statement of profit and loss during the period and also in the line items of the statement of the comprehensive income in which those losses of impairment have been reversed The amounts of the losses of impairment on the assets that have been revalued and the same have been disclosed in the statement of comprehensive income during the period The amounts of the reversals of the losses of impairment on the assets that have been revalued and also have been recognised in the statement of comprehensive income during the stated period. The information as required above could also be presented with other information as has been disclosed for the other class of the assets. In order to illustrate, this is the information that could be brought in the reconciliation of the carrying amounts of the property, plant and the equipment in the end and in the beginning of the year. An entity that has to report the segment information as per the requirements that have been laid down in AASB 8 would disclose the following for each one of the reportable segment: The loss of impairment that has occurred during the period and the same must be recognised in the profit and loss account during the same year along with the line items of the statement of comprehensive income win which those losses have taken place The amounts of the reversals of the losses of impairment and the same have been recognised in the statement of profit and loss during the period and also in the line items of the statement of the comprehensive income in which those losses of impairment have been reversed An entity is duty bound to disclose the following for each one of the material impairment losses that have been recognised or has been reversed during the period of any individual assets. This includes the goodwill or the cash generating unit. All of the events and the circumstance that have led to the recognition or to the reversal of the loss of impairment The amount of the impairment loss that has been recognised or reversed In respect of an individual asset, the nature of that asset, the reportable segment to which that asset belongs in case, the entity has to report the segment information as per the requirements laid down under AASB 8 escription of the cash generating unit, the amount of the loss of impairment that has been recognised or that has been reversed by the class of the assets and in case, the entity reports the segment information, then by the reportable segment In case if the aggregation of the different assets, then for the purposes of identifying the cash generating unit, it has to be seen whether the same has undergone a change when compared with the previous estimate of the amount that is recoverable in respect of the cash generating unit Whether the amount that is recoverable in respect of the asset is less or more than the fair value of the asset less the cost of sell or its value in use In case the recoverable value is the fair value costs less sell, then the basis on which the same has been calculated In case the recoverable amount is the same as the value in use, then the discount rate that has been used in the current estimate along with the previous estimate of the value that is in use (Legislation, 2017). The entity shall disclose the information for the purposes of aggregating the losses of impairment along with the aggregate reversals of the losses of impairment that have been recognised during the period for which on above stated information is available. The information that would be disclosed includes the main classes of the assets that are affected by the losses of impairment along with the main classes of the assets that are affected by the reversals of the losses of impairment, the main events along with the circumstances that have led to the recognition of those losses of impairment and its reversals. When the recoverable amount is determined, then the various assumptions used shall be disclosed along with the various estimates that have been used for the purposes of disclosing the information. Any portion of the goodwill that has been acquired in the business combination that has not been allocated to the cash generating units, then the amount that has not been allocated along with the reason as to why the same has not been disclosed would be stated (AASB, 2015). 2.Disclosure in Ansell Limited: The company chosen is Ansell Limited. The annual report of the company states that the goodwill and the brands are tested on an annual for impairments and also when there are events or change in the circumstances that indicate that the carrying values may be less than the book values of these assets. This is as per the accounting policies on the intangible assets. The policy of the group requires the undertaking of the assumptions when assessing the carrying values of the cash generating units (Annual report, 2017). 3.Issues in impairment: The following are the issues that arise when impairment calculations are done: The cash flows that are used to ascertain the fair value less the costs of the disposal are based on the forecasts along with the different assumptions that may not be reliable. The cash flows used and the assumptions undertaken are not reliable. This is in respect of the matters like the economic and the market conditions etc. The calculations pertaining to the value in use The reliability of the estimates pertaining to cash flows cannot be trusted The use of the increasing cash flows after the period of 5 years that is more than the long term average growth rates is done which is not good and that too not taking into account the offsetting impact on the discount rates The cash flows are never matched up with the carrying amounts of all of the assets that are used for the generation of the cash flows There are similar discount rates that are used for the different cash generating units even there are many of the risks and the cash generating units are located somewhat in the different countries Different discount rates are used even when the risks are somewhat similar in nature The values are determined by following the same method, no alternative method is chosen This standard does not apply to the exploration and to the evaluation of the assets after the technical feasibility and the commercial viability of the same has been indicated It fails to make adequate disclosures to the investors and the others The cash generating units are identified at a higher level and this includes the inflow of cash for the individual assets which is largely independent or when the cash generating units are higher than the operating segments (ASIC, 2017). Considerations in impairment: The following are the considerations that have to be made: In respect of the cash flows forecast, whether the forecast of the cash flow reasonable and whether they are capable of being supported. Is there is a strong ground on the basis of which it is determined that the cash flows would increase majorly after the end of the year. Are risks adequately considered? Is the growth in line with the past growth that has been achieved and whether the same is sustainable? Have the prediction been met in the past months? Are the cash flows based on the internal budget? (EY, 2017). In respect of the assumptions undertaken, whether the discount rates and the growth rate used supported by evidence? Is the discount rate apt and is in line with the fundings cost and weighs the average cost of capital or any other apt rate? Is there enough evidence when different discount rate is sued for the similar cash generating units? In respect of the use of the fair values less the costs of the disposal, whether the fair values less the costs of disposals based upon the market prices that are available. In case, not then the value that is sued to determine the amount that is recoverable. Have the amounts of the valuations been checked by the alternative valuation methods? Is there a range of the possible fair values wide enough so that it can determine a reliable estimate? In respect of the value in use, whether it includes reliable estimates? Whether the increasing flow of cash after the period of 5 years would be more than the average growth rates and that too without considering the account offsetting the impacts or the discount rates? Whether there are cash flows from the restructuring and the improving or enhancing of the performance of the asset (FASB, 2017). References: AccountingCoach.com. (2017).What is an impairment? | AccountingCoach. [online] Available at: https://www.accountingcoach.com/blog/what-is-an-impairment [Accessed 2 May 2017]. Ansell.com. (2017).Cite a Website - Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: https://www.ansell.com/-/media/Corporate/MainWebsite/About/Investor-Center/Annual-Report-2016/Annual-Report-to-Shareholders-2016.ashx?la=en [Accessed 2 May 2017]. Asic.gov.au. (2017).Impairment of non-financial assets: Materials for directors | ASIC - Australian Securities and Investments Commission. [online] Available at: https://asic.gov.au/regulatory-resources/financial-reporting-and-audit/directors-and-financial-reporting/impairment-of-non-financial-assets-materials-for-directors/#common-issues [Accessed 2 May 2017]. Fasb.org. (2017).Accounting for Goodwill Impairment. [online] Available at: https://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/FASBContent_C/ProjectUpdatePagecid=1176163679475 [Accessed 2 May 2017]. Legislation.gov.au. (2017).AASB 136 - Impairment of Assets - August 2015. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2015L01622/Explanatory%20Statement/Text [Accessed 2 May 2017]. www.aasb.gov.au. (2017).Impairment of Assets. [online] Available at: https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/AASB136_07-04_ERDRjun10_07-09.pdf [Accessed 2 May 2017]. www.ey.com. (2017).ITG discusses IFRS 9 impairment implementation issues. [online] Available at: https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/IFRS_Developments_Issue_112:_ITG_discusses_IFRS_9_impairment_implementation_issues/$FILE/Devel112-FI-Impairment-Sept2015.pdf [Accessed 2 May 2017].

NURS 241 Health Assessment Validation Notes Essays - Cranial Nerves

NURS 241: Health Assessment Validation Notes Vital sign should be taken for 5 Minutes General Survey Physical Appearance: What is your name? Can you state your age? Do you know where you are? Patient has stated her age Her level of consciousness is alert and oriented x 4 Her skin color is intact and even Her facial features are symmetric She is female Body Structure: Her statue appears appropriate for her age For nutrition, her weight appear to be appropriate for her height and body build Her body structure is symmetric and bilateral to each other Her posture is erect Her position was relaxed on the chair Mobility: Her gait is smooth, even and well balanced She did not use any form of assistive device. Behavior: Her facial expression is appropriate to the situation Her speech is within normal limits; there is no repeating of words or fleet of ideas Her dressing is appropriate for the season Her personal hygiene is clean and well groomed Her mood and affect is pleasant and not flat Cranial Nerve Cranial nerve 1: Olfactory: Sensory: Test of smell Ask the patient to compress one side of the nose at a time and sniff: To check for nasal patency Ask the patient to close their eye Ask the patient to occlude one nostril at a time and ask them what do they smell Cranial Nerve 2: Optic: Sensory: Visual Acuity and Visual fields I have previously tested for my patient's visual acuity using the Snellen Chart It is 20/20 without corrective lenses Testing for visual fields using the confrontational test. Up and Down Cranial Nerve 3: Oculomotor Motor: PERRLA: Extra ocular Movement Going to test for PERRLA. First I would perform the direct and consensual eye movement Performing Accommodation by moving the penlight near. The pupil are equal, round, reactive to light and accommodate Next I would test for cranial nerve 3, 4- which is trochlear and 6- which is Abducens, using the extra ocular movement. Cranial 4- is an inferior medial eye movement Cranial 6- is medial eye movement Perform the corneal light reflex by shining light on the breach of the nose. If there was an abnormality I would person the cover/uncover test. Cranial Nerve 5: Trigeminal: Sensory: Sensation of skin of face: Use a cotton and touch the forehead, checks and chin Motor: Palpate the temporal and masseter muscle Ask the patient to clench their jaw and try to separate it Cranial Nerve 7: Facial Sensory: Put sugar in their mouth and ask what did you taste. Taste on the 2/3 anterior of the tongue Motor: Ask the patient to raise their eyebrows, show their teeth, smile, puff out their checks, close their eye tightly Cranial Nerve 8: Acoustic Sensory: Perform the whisper test. By whispering Samford and Nursing by asking them to occlude their ear and whispering the words Perform the Weber test. Ask the patient if they can hear in both ears. Perform the Rinne test. Air conduction is greater than bone conduction. Cranial Nerve 9: Glossopharyngeal: Sensory: Taste in posterior 1/3 of the tongue Motor: Is testing gag reflex by stimulating the posterior pharyngeal wall. Cranial Nerve 10:Vagus Motor: Open your mouth and say "AH". I will watch the uvula rise and fall symmetrically. Cranial Nerve 11: Spinal Accessory Motor: Shrug should movement against resistance. Shrug your head against resistance Both muscle 5/5 in strength Cranial Nerve 12: Hypoglossal Motor: Ask the patient to protrude their tongue and push their tongue to their checks. Neurological System: Motor/Coordination: I have already assessed the my patient gait in general survey Rapid alternating movement: touching your finger against each other and turning your hand in your thighs Point to Point Movement: finger to nose touching and heel to shin by moving your leg on your other leg Romberg test: put your hand out and your legs together for 20 seconds Tandem Walking: put your leg in front of the other leg Shallow Knee Bend: bend down a little Sensory Pain and light touch: do it on your hand and leg Position sense: pull the hand up and down than ask the patient whether it is up and down. Do it on the hand and leg Vibration Sensation: Use the turning folk vibration place it on the hand and leg and ask where she feels the vibration Discriminative Sensation: Stereognosis: place something in her hand and ask what are you holding Graphesthesia: write a number on her hand and ask what is the number in both arms. 3 and 5 Two point Discrimination: touch a part of the body and ask where you touched. Both the hand and leg Point localization:

Understanding Parasocial Relationships with Celebs

Understanding Parasocial Relationships with Celebs Have you ever wondered what a movie character, a celebrity, or a TV personality would do, even when you’re not watching them on-screen? Have you felt close to a character or celebrity even though you’ve never met them in real life? If youve had one of these common experiences, youve experienced a parasocial relationship: an enduring relationship with a media figure. Key Terms Parasocial relationship: An ongoing, one-sided bond with a media figureParasocial interaction: An imagined interaction with a media figure during a discrete viewing situation Donald Horton and Richard Wohl first introduced the concept of parasocial relationships, along with the related idea of parasocial interaction, in the 1950s. Although the relationship is one-sided, it is psychologically similar to a real-life social relationship. Origins In their 1956 article, â€Å"Mass Communication and Para-Social Interaction: Observations on Intimacy at a distance,† Horton and Wohl described both parasocial relationships and parasocial interaction for the first time. They used the terms somewhat interchangeably, but mostly focused their exploration on the illusion of conversational give-and-take a media consumer experiences with a media figure while watching a TV show or listening to a radio program. This led to some conceptual confusion. Although a great deal of research has been done on parasocial phenomena, especially since the 1970s and 1980s, the most widely utilized scale in that research, the Parasocial Interaction Scale, combines questions about parasocial interactions and parasocial relationships. However, today, scholars generally agree the two concepts are related but different. Defining Parasocial Interactions and Relationships When a media consumer feels like they are interacting with a media figure- a celebrity, fictional character, radio host, or even a puppet- during a discrete viewing or listening scenario, they are experiencing a parasocial interaction. For example, if a viewer feels like they are hanging out at the Dunder-Mifflin office while watching the TV comedy The Office, they are engaging in a parasocial interaction. On the other hand, if the media user imagines a long-term bond with a media figure that extends outside the viewing or listening situation, it is considered a parasocial relationship.  The bond can be either positive or negative. For instance, if an individual adores the host of their local morning program and often thinks about and discusses the host as if he is one of their friends, that individual has a parasocial relationship with the host. Scholars have observed that parasocial interactions can lead to parasocial relationships, and parasocial relationships can strengthen parasocial interactions. This process resembles the way that spending time with a person in real-life can result in a friendship that then gets deeper and more committed when the individuals spend additional time together. Parasocial vs. Interpersonal Relationships Although the idea of parasocial relationships may seem unusual at first, it’s important to remember that for most media consumers, this is a perfectly normal and psychologically healthy reaction to encounters with on-screen individuals. Humans are wired to make social connections. Media did not exist through a majority of human evolution, and so when consumers are presented with a person or person-like individual via video or audio media, their brains respond as if they were engaging in a real-life social situation. This response does not mean that the individuals believe the interaction is real. Despite media consumers’ knowledge that the interaction is an illusion, however, their perception will cause them to react to the situation as if it were real. In fact, research has shown that the development, maintenance, and dissolution of a parasocial relationship is similar in many ways to real-life interpersonal relationships. For example, one study found that when television viewers perceive a favorite television performer as having an attractive personality and as being competent in their abilities, a parasocial relationship will develop. Surprisingly, physical attraction was found to be less important to the development of parasocial relationships, leading the researchers to conclude that television viewers prefer to develop relationships with television personalities they find socially attractive and who are attractive for their capabilities.  Ã‚   Another investigation assessed the way psychological commitments to a media figure led to the maintenance of parasocial relationships. Two different studies showed that for both fictional television characters, like Homer Simpson, and non-fictional television personas, like Oprah Winfrey, people were more committed to their parasocial relationship when (1) they felt satisfied watching the figure, (2) felt committed to continue watching the figure, and (3) felt that they didnt have good alternatives to the media figure. The researchers used a scale originally developed to assess interpersonal relationships to measure commitment to parasocial relationships, demonstrating that theories and measures of interpersonal relationships can be successfully applied to parasocial relationships. Finally, research has demonstrated that media consumers can experience parasocial breakups when a parasocial relationship ends. This can happen for a number of reasons, such as a television or movie series coming to an end, a character leaving a show, or a media consumer deciding to no longer watch or listen to a show where a character or personality appears. For example, a 2006 study examined how viewers reacted when the popular TV sitcom Friends ended its broadcast run. The researchers found that the more intense the viewers’ parasocial relationships with the characters, the greater the viewers’ distress when the show ended. The pattern of loss Friends fans exhibited was similar to that displayed by those who have lost a real-life relationship, although the emotions were less intense overall. Of course, while this research demonstrates the similarities between parasocial and interpersonal relationships, there are also important distinctions. A parasocial relationship is always mediated and one-sided, with no opportunity for mutual give-and-take. People can engage in as many parasocial relationships as they want and and can break them off whenever they choose without consequence. In addition, parasocial relationships can be shared with family members and friends without jealousy. In fact, discussing a mutual parasocial relationship can actually strengthen the bond in a real-life social relationship. Parasocial Bonds in the Digital Age While much of work involving parasocial phenomena has centered on parasocial bonds with radio, movie, and especially television characters and personalities, digital technology has introduced a new medium through which parasocial relationships can be developed, maintained, and even strengthened. For example, a researcher examined the way fans of the boy band New Kids on the Block maintained their parasocial relationships with the band members by posting to the band’s website. The analysis was conducted following the announcement of the band’s reunion after a 14-year break. On the website, fans expressed their continued devotion to the band, their affection towards its members, and their desire to see the band again. They also shared stories about how the band had helped them in their own lives. Thus, computer-mediated communication assisted fans in their parasocial relationship maintenance. Before the dawn of the internet, people could write fan letters to achieve a similar experience, but the researcher observed that online communication appeared to make fans feel closer to media figures, and that this could make the disclosure of personal feelings and anecdotes more likely.  Ã‚   It stands to reason, then, that social networks like Facebook and Twitter would make an even more substantial contribution to the maintenance of parasocial relationships. Celebrities appear to write and share their own messages with fans on these sites, and fans can respond to their messages, creating the potential for fans to develop even greater feelings of intimacy with media figures. So far, minimal research has been conducted on the way these technological developments impact parasocial relationships, but the topic is ripe for future research. Sources Branch, Sara E., Kari M. Wilson, and Christopher R. Agnew. â€Å"Committed to Oprah, Homer, and House: Using the Investment Model to Understand Parasocial Relationships.† Psychology of Popular Media Culture, vol. 2, no. 2, 2013, pp. 96-109, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030938Dibble, Jayson L., Tilo Hartmann, and Sarah F. Rosaen. â€Å"Parasocial interaction and Parasocial Relationship: Conceptual Clarification and a Critical Assessment of Measures.† Human Communication Research, vol. 42, no. 1, 2016, pp. 21-44, https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12063  Eyal, Keren, and Jonathan Cohen. â€Å"When Good Friends Say Goodbye: A Parasocial Breakup Study.† Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media, vol. 50, no. 3, 2006, pp. 502-523, https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem5003_9Giles, David, C. â€Å"Parasocial Interaction: A Review of the Literature and a Model for Future Research.† Media Psychology, vol. 4, no. 3., 2002, pp. 279-305, https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XM EP0403_04Horton, Donald, and R. Richard Wohl. â€Å"Mass Communication and Parasocial Interaction: Observation of Intimacy at a Distance.† Psychiatry, vol. 19, no. 3, 1956, pp. 215-229, https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1956.11023049 Hu, Mu. â€Å"The influence of a scandal on parasocial relationship, parasocial interaction, and parsocial breakup.† Psychology of Popular Media Culture, vol. 5, no. 3, 2016, pp. 217-231, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000068Rubin, Alan M., Elizabeth M. Perse, and Robert A. Powell. â€Å"Loneliness, parasocial interaction, and local television news viewing.† Human Communication Research, vol. 12, no. 2, 1985, pp. 155-180, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1985.tb00071.xRubin, Rebecca B., and Michael P. McHugh. â€Å"Development of Parasocial Interaction Relationships.† Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media, vol. 31, no. 3, 1987, pp. 279-292, https://doi.org/10.1080/08838158709386664Sanderson, James. â€Å"’You Are All Loved So Much:’ Exploring Relational Maintenance Within the Context of Parasocial Relationships.† Journal of Media Psychology, vol. 21, no. 4, 2009, pp. 171-182, https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105.21.4.171

Lab report about prism spectrometer Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

About prism spectrometer - Lab Report Example Those colors emanated from the, white, Hydrogen and Mercury light sources. The main objective of carrying out this study on prisms is to learn the aspects of prism spectrometer theory so as to enhance the ability of explaining the practicability of its components. This was mainly achieved through observation of the mercury spectrum discharge lamp while taking subsequent angle of deviation records regarding the spectral lines. This hence creates the capability of determining the refraction index of the given glass prism for a number of wavelengths. It also gives insights on how to utilize the calibrated prism for the ultimate measurement of unknown wavelengths. Finally, it enables one to make a general observation regarding color sensation that is caused by the prevailing light of specific wavelengths. The main tool that is used in this lab experiment is the spectroscope. This is an instrument that is used for production an ultimate viewing of spectra. It is often comprised of three main parts that includes; a collimator for production of parallel light beams, a prism that is majorly responsible for light dispersion towards the spectrum, and the telescope that is ultimately meant for spectrum examination (GutieÃŒ rrez-Vega, Julio et.at, 2007). When there is transmission of light beam from air to the glass, the bending of the ray occurs with accordance to the Snells law. Therefore this can be summarized by an equation that is stated as sin q air = n sin q glass; whereby the subsequent measurement of subsequent angles is done on the normal surface in which n refers to the refraction index of the entire glass. The refraction index is hence a dimension-less value and is simply a clear measurement of the intensity in which the medium can bend light. The increase in the size of n is directly proportional to the increased bending of light. The usual refractive index of air is always 1. For a glass, n often varies from the value of between 1.3 and 1.8,

Critical Reading Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Critical Reading Reflection - Essay Example The author starts by stating that â€Å"this is a hopeful book about those who fail.† (Rose, M., 2005 p. xi) and provides an account of the education system in America, so the book can be said to be a book about the hope the author holds for people who may be struggling with the American educational system. He goes on to stipulate that the low level of literacy skills in remedial students is not as a result of lack of intelligence but is rather due to insufficient economic and social conditions to support these students, as well as a history of poor education. The author believes that educators should have more confidence in the literacy abilities of such students and that there must be greater equality as regards educational opportunities in America. This book details the story of how the author learned to read, write and think critically, and how he came to start teaching others to also be able to read, write and think in a critical way. This book can be divided into two sec tions. The first section discusses the author’s journey as a student, and as a teacher. In this first section Rose learns to read, analyze and write, while engaging critically with text, and making use of language in a correct manner. In the second section, Rose learned how to teach to others these things he had learned as a student. The main connection between these sections is the connection that was made by the author himself about his own experiences. In the book, one can also feel the effect that the author’s teachers had on him. The teachers (Mr.Jonhson, Mr.Macfarland and Dr.Carothers) all affected the author’s experience and influenced his perspective about the issue of teaching. In the book, the author illustrates some examples of the perceived cultural and language barriers that students have to deal with from day to day, and discusses his experiences with students, including high school graduates with reading or writing difficulties. Due to the reading and writing difficulties faced by these students, they are usually branded as remedial students and therefore placed in special classes, regardless of the real causes of their inability to read and write at the predetermined level. These students may go through their school years, and even later into their adult lives bearing this stigma. In the first chapter, rose outlines the main issues about the American educational system, and his prognoses on these issues relegate the reasoning behind his opinions as stated in the book. The history and the policies that led to the ‘back to basics movement’ are also discussed, and it seems that educators and administrators in America believed that American students are a largely illiterate and insufficient group. Although the author does not directly challenge the necessity of examining the social and economic conditions in the educational system, he argues against â€Å"framing our indictments in terms of decline, a harsh, laced -with-doom assault, as insisting that our current educational standards do not meet or exceed the supposed perfection of past standards we lose the historical and social realities of American education† (Rose, M., 2005 p. 7). The author also argues against labelling some students as remedial students or punishing those that do not measure up to a false reality of success and advocates a better understanding of the cultural and social conditions that students face. Rose explains that the American society as a whole clings to

Jazz Music between World Wars Essay Example for Free

Jazz Music between World Wars Essay The jazz craze in music during the 1920s reflected a general spirit of the times for many commentators like Seldes that this decade became known as the Jazz Age. Following World War I, jazz music certainly captured the popular imagination. The rapid popularity of jazz music led to its equally rapid spread among musicians. No other style up to this time in American popular music so quickly came to dominate popular performance. The American vernacular, which had already made significant inroads into the commercial popular music market, had captured popular tastes at an unprecedented level, seemingly sweeping aside the old â€Å"standards. † And just as ragtime and syncopated dance music became part of earlier commercial popular music, the dominance of jazz in the 1920s also represented a major triumph of the black vernacular in American popular music. The jazz craze began through the influence of non-professional musicians. While still marginal to most legitimate venues, non-professional musicians performing the jazz vernacular were attracting audiences to clubs, theaters, restaurants, and were popular in the speakeasies of the 1920s. They also had opportunities for their music to reach a broader audience in a booming record market following World War I. Professional musicians, however, quickly adopted jazz music in their orchestras and smaller bands. They co-opted the jazz fever while simultaneously distancing themselves from non-professionals. (Charters, 39-43) By occupying the most lucrative jobs in theaters, dance halls, hotels, and other venues, professional musicians positioned themselves as the premier interpreters of this new vernacular idiom in commercial popular music. The common defense of jazz as good music during the Jazz Age embraced the professional musicians and professional composers who performed and created jazz music, not the non-professional musicians who first introduced it. In adopting jazz idioms, professional musicians were simply continuing the process of cultivating the American vernacular. Black professional musicians were already adopting black vernacular idioms in their music making in earlier syncopated society orchestras and simply adopted jazz idioms as well as the name in their â€Å"jazz† orchestras. (Bushell, 72-75) White professional musicians had performed rags as part of their repertoire in the past, but with the jazz craze, many were quick to adopt syncopated dance and jazz practices in some form as the defining style of their profession. White professional musicians also quickly followed black professional musicians in transforming their bands into jazz orchestras, and just as quickly claimed to be the modern proponents of this new American popular music. Black and white professional jazz orchestras in the 1920s established the basic instrumentation, arrangement, and techniques of the big band dance orchestras that dominated American popular music until the 1950s. In the 1920s, an emerging new ideal of good music involved a balancing of the previous cultivated practices and cultivated music of professional musicians with popular vernacular idioms. The proper balance, however, was hotly debated. Professional musicians would constantly distance themselves from the pure vernacular of non-professional musicians. In defending their balance of the cultivated and the vernacular in popular performance, popular tastes, however, were demanding jazz music and a professional musician would be remiss to ignore his patrons in the popular music market as much as stodgy critics and some professional musicians would rail against the pernicious influence of jazz. Professional musicians in mediating the popular music market had to continue to navigate the moral, aesthetic, class, and racial construction of good music in America. While popular tastes in musical entertainment promoted the black vernacular in commercial popular music, the plight of the African American community in the United States continued to be dire. Some leaders in the black community had hoped that African Americans participation during World War I in both the military and in industry, and the Great Migration out of the Jim Crow South, would change their fortunes as segregated and oppressed second class citizens. The post-war years, however, dashed most hopes of any immediate positive change. (DeVeaux, 6-29) Race relations went in the opposite direction. Race riots sprung up across the nation while lynching continued to be a regular occurrence. Efforts continued to secure the legal segregation of black communities, and the labor movement continued to exclude blacks. The Ku Klux Klan reached its peak membership and popularity during the 1920s. The segregation and denigration of the black community was also reflected in the social organization of American music. (Hansen, 493-97) Besides the segregation of audiences and most venues, black professional musicians also remained outside the artistic community of white professional musicians in terms of unions, band organizations, and this communitys vision of a professional class of artist in America. The balance of the cultivated and the vernacular among professional musicians also continued to run against elitist conceptions of popular music and popular musicians as less legitimate than the music, musicians, and composers of the European cultivated tradition of classical and opera music. Black professional musicians also continued to strive to break through the barriers erected against them in the world of European cultivated music. This continuing tension in the implied lower status of professional musicians who performed American popular music erupted during the Jazz Age into an open rebellion against the European cultivated tradition. Professional musicians in jazz orchestras attempted to counter the singular role claimed by the European cultivated tradition. These musicians asserted that jazz was a true American or African American school of fine art music in contrast to cultivated European music – a populist appeal for high art legitimacy. This high art turn in American popular music, however, ultimately failed when the depression wreaked havoc on the popular music market. With the introduction of a new popular music market of live performances, records, broadcasts, and films, the quest for legitimacy among professional popular musicians would have to take another route. It was a period where professional popular musicians in adopting the jazz vernacular went against the reigning cultural hierarchy in America. (Peretti, 234-40) The period following World War I was a crucial turning point in American popular music. The American vernacular in general was storming the ramparts of the old edifice of good music as Tin Pan Alley song and dance dominated popular performance. Both professional and nonprofessional musicians also were benefiting from more affluent times and the growing importance of entertainment in the lives of most urban Americans. To the chagrin of elite and moral defenders of nineteenth century cultural idealism, most urban Americans were readily joining a Cultural Revolution in commercial popular entertainment. And at the center of this revolution was the national craze for jazz music and jazz dance. The jazz craze made syncopated rhythms and other black vernacular idioms central elements of American popular music making. While many small jazz bands performed a black vernacular style of music from the Delta Region of New Orleans, jazz music in the 1920s encompassed not only this style but syncopated dance music, blues music, piano rags, and virtually any tune jazzed up by musicians. The jazz craze in essence was the craze for the black vernacular among popular audiences and the performance of this vernacular in some form by popular musicians and popular singers both professional and non-professional. The extent to which musicians and singers actually adopted the black vernacular rather than a superficial imitation – critique later jazz critics would make of certain sweet jazz during the 1920s – is less important than the fact that jazz entered the consciousness of the nation and musicians as the reigning popular music. The word Jazz seems to have found a permanent place in the vocabulary of popular music. It was used originally as an adjective describing a band that in playing for dancing were so infected with their own rhythm that they themselves executed as much, if not more, contortions than the dancers. The popularity of the raggy music has created a demand for music with exaggerated syncopation, an attempt as it were to produce the wonderful broken rhythms of the primitive African jungle orchestra. The jazz craze also coincided with the growth of black entertainment. During the 1920s, black entertainment districts like the South Side in Chicago and Harlem in New York City witnessed a major boom. Besides entertaining the large black populations of The Great Migration, black musicians and singers were entertaining white audiences who went uptown for their entertainment. The boom in the 1920s in black entertainment, as Kenny (1993, 89-92) and Shaw (1987, 122-30) show, was driven by the demand for the black vernacular. In musical theater, musical revues, vaudeville, dance, and speakeasies, the black vernacular and black artists were in demand. This demand was met not only in black entertainment districts, but also outside these districts as black artists performed for white audiences in musical revues, dance halls, and clubs in white entertainment districts. The popularity of the black vernacular also increased when record producers discovered a race market in black music. Most members of the New England School of cultivated music like Mason, and other defenders of the old ideal of good music, were stridently against the influence of jazz in both popular music and classical music. Repeating the moral, aesthetic, class, and racial epithets used to condemn the popularization of vernacular jazz, the guardians of the old ideal ridiculed any idea of jazz meriting the status of high art or even having an influence on serious music composition and performance. As David Stanley Smith, Professor of Music at Yale University, argued in The Musician of August 1926, jazz musics â€Å"monotonous rhythm, as unvaried as the chug-chug of a steam engine, enslaves its practitioners within a formula, and induces in composer, performer, and listener a stupor of mind and emotion. † On the other hand, many of those individuals who embraced â€Å"modernism† in cultivated music were sympathetic to jazz music. These modernists emphasized jazz as the legitimate expression of the times and a nation. (Stewart, 102-109) The debate within the cultivated tradition between old idealists and modernists on the influence of jazz revolved mainly around the influence of popular jazz on serious music composition and performance. That the question would be posed in such a manner spoke to how, by the 1920s, the European cultivated tradition had organizationally and ideologically broken from the world of commercial popular music. Crossover between popular music and cultivated music occurred during the 1920s, but organizational and ideological barriers left little chance that jazz musicians would transform the cultivated tradition. The very formation of a separate world of cultivated music in the United States was predicated on its distinction from commercial popular music, popular musicians, and popular tastes – a distinction further exacerbated by jazz music being an expression of the black vernacular. The influence of jazz within the cultivated tradition, however, was debated during the 1920s as professional musicians laid claim to a truly American art form and modernists promoted the incorporation of jazz in serious music composition and performance. (Badger, 48-67) Traditionalists, of course, had reason to be optimistic as the economic depression following the 1929 stock market crash wreaked havoc on the commercial market of popular jazz music. Defenders of the European cultivated tradition also had reason to celebrate as the confident proclamations of professional musicians on jazz as Americas first authentic art receded to the background as these musicians adjusted to changed economic circumstances and a new popular music market. Professional musicians struggle for legitimacy during the Jazz Age, however, laid the ideological and musical foundation upon which the next generation of professional musicians would construct a modern jazz paradigm. In their quest for legitimacy as professional artists, they were the first popular artists to attempt to transform the moral, aesthetic, class, and racial constructions of the old ideal of good music in America. While their efforts contained their own complicity in manners of distinction, the contradictions of an elite populism embedded in a racist culture, they did struggle to create an alternative understanding of art and society in America. As the self-appointed mediators of the American vernacular, professional musicians and composers ardently worked to construct an alternative form of good music to that of the European cultivated music tradition – a music reflecting in some fashion the world of popular audiences and popular tastes. ( DeVeaux, 525-40) In this process of syncretism, the reinvention and reinterpretation of musical idioms and practices, these artists created the American big band dance orchestra and the Tin Pan Alley song that dominated American popular music until the middle of the twentieth century. While jazz did not become a universally recognized American high art form during the Jazz Age, professional musicians and composers transformed it into legitimate popular art music, although at the expense of those non-professional vernacular musicians who did not assimilate into their profession. The need for professional musicians to legitimate popular dance orchestras disappeared after the 1920s, and the old ideal of good music no longer occupied this professional class of musician. (Gioia, 213-20) The emergence of an alternative ideal of good music among professional musicians signaled a final separation between popular music making and the cultivated tradition in American music. This break was both ideological and practical; a reflection of both a new professional ethos among professional musicians and the culmination of the division in the social organization of American music between the world of popular music and the world of European cultivated music. (Lopes, 25-36) The previous crisscrossing professionally between the cultivated tradition and popular music making was no longer part of this profession. The future big band leaders and musicians of the Swing Era began their professional careers not in symphonies, but in the small jazz ensembles and jazz orchestras of the Jazz Age. The fate of jazz was seemed threatened by the power over popular music of a new mass media industry of broadcasts, recordings, and film. Just when the fortunes of jazz seemed dead and buried, however, the swing craze reignited popular interest in the cultivated jazz vernacular. (Hennessey, 156-60) The promotion of sweet music and the subsequent swing craze, however, set in motion a new distinction within the profession of musician. No longer than singularly obsessed with the world of European cultivated music, professional musicians who assimilated the black jazz vernacular now viewed sweet music as their more direct nemesis. The race and class boundaries articulated in the old ideal of good music were now articulated more directly for professional musicians in the distinction between the popular music cultures of sweet and swing.

The Bean Trees Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"The Bean Trees†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In The Bean Trees there are lots of themes that add up to a well-made story. One of the more obvious themes is that of immigration and the Underground Railroad that Mattie helps run. Within the book there are also several references to child abuse. Another is that of Teen pregnancy that is introduced early on. This however is not all of the themes that are used, but they are some of the more prominent and reoccurring ones in the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the themes is teen pregnancy, it however is primarily only talked about it the first chapter. This is one of the greatest driving forces for getting Taylor out of Kentucky. Taylor starts in a society where the many of the girls in her school and town become pregnant at a young age. This all but impresses Taylor and motivates her to become someone better than all the pregnant girls of her town. It motivates her even more when Newt Hardbine and Jolene Shanks arrive at the hospital. Newt had been shot by his father and furthermore Jolene had also been shot at while she was carrying a baby. As this reality dawns on her it grips to her soul and immediately changes the way she views the world. This turn of events has a great impact on her future. I think her decision to leave is sealed on that day. Soon after, Taylor pools her money together and she buys a 55 Volkswagen. After Taylor ties up a few ends at home she is on her way. Taylor after getting some miles und...

Tata Ace- Case Study

MARKETING STRATEGIES ASSIGNMENT â€Å"TATA ACE† CASE STUDY 1) Why do we feel Tata Motors was targeting LCV (Light Commercial Vehicle) segment under commercial segment for TATA ACE? – – – Better highway systems like the Golden Quadrilateral meant that Commercial vehicles in 45+ Tonnes could carry bulk loads covering large distances in shorter time and at lower per tonne per km cost. Government also went about the task of improving road network between medium sized cities and also building all weather tertiary road network covering rural towns- only smaller and rugged vehicles could operate on these roads ( Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadhak Yojana).Increased congestion & pollution in most of the cities forced the government to regulate the movement of Large/ Heavy trucks (larger than four tonnes) in the cities. Tata motors considered the above primary factors in determining the need for large commercial vehicles for the highways and smaller sub 4 Ton category co mmercial vehicle for operating on both Inter city/ Town and Intra city road network.Ruling out the possibility of developing large commercial vehicles due to the high cost of development and fearing loss of revenues from their niche standard size truck segment, Tata motors decided to develop TATA ACE targeting the Light Commercial Vehicle Segment. Also helping their decision process were some key policy initiatives: – Discouraging the use of Old. Polluting & uneconomical vehicles Scrapping of >15 years old vehicles Ban on overloading of vehicle. ) Highlight the Key outcome of Market Research which was conducted before launching TATA ACE and do we think there was a gap which can be addressed by a Product like TATA ACE? Market research involving interviewing of over 4000 truck and three wheeler operators across the length & breadth of the country highlighted the following needs, though there was a section which opined that even a three wheeler under TATA banner would be welcome d by the market: (i) Owning price of the vehicle should not exceed INR 200,000/(ii) Fuel Efficiency. Reduce â€Å"per ton per km† cost. iii) Maneuverability of three wheeler but with higher level of a. Safety b. Durability c. Ruggedness d. Reliability e. Higher payload f. Comfort of a four wheeled truck. (iv) And finally â€Å"Personal Motivation† to drive a four wheeler to enhance the status of operators in the society and thereby create transportation entrepreneurs . Tata Motors addressed all the key requirements of the market with TATA ACE, A four wheeler with economical pricing, Fuel Efficient engine, pay load of 1750 kgs and built in safety features including enhanced comfort. ) How was Segmentation & Targeting done for TATA ACE? As a Functional segmentation, Tata motors decided that the ACE would address the spectrum of LCV to transport 750 – 1500 kgs over 100-200 kms and position it between the Rickshaws/Cart and Pick up trucks; meeting the functional nee ds of different customers. They also further segmented this functional segmented customers into four groups viz. , – Performance sensitive (7%) o Interested in status, Brand image and speed o Willing to pay higher prices for features Current owners/ operators of larger SUVs or cars. – Balanced perspective (25%) o Return on Investment o Comfort and features o Owners – Entrepreneurs o Purchasing three wheeler, due to absence of an alternative. – Return on Investment sensitive (55%) o Per Ton per Km cost o No value for Non-monetary purchase considerations o Generally fleet owners/ operators- who hired drivers – Acquisition price constrained (13%) o Lacked credit o Could not afford for slightly expensive vehicles. o Prefer three wheelerFinally they identified a group that could not afford any motorized vehicle; using bullock & horse carts, cycle rickshaws, manual pull carts. However this group over time can move up and be a TATA ACE customer. Based on functional & customer segmentation and also considering potential growth of the market , TATA Motors estimated and targeted: – 45% of the ACE’s customers planning to purchase 3 Wheeler – 15% from potential pickup & LCV purchasers – and 40% from first time CV purchasers. 4) Explain the Marketing Mix 4P's [Product, Price, Place, Promotion] strategy adapted for TATA ACE?Product: TATA ACE was designed to address three major customer needs in terms of product ie. , – Overloading capability – 2 cylinder water cooled engine, based on the proven Indica diesel engine – Safety, Comfort and aesthetic considerations Price: Though the price apparently was higher at ` 225,000 as against ` 100,000-200,000, they addressed the Per ton per km cost. Tata Ace would cost Rs. 6. 70 for delivering one ton of goods over per km as against `7. 88, their nearest competitor could offer and segment average of ` 8. 54. Place:Tata motors decided to roll out in phas e beginning with 5 states in Western and Southern parts of India; where the demand for three wheelers were high. They also benchmarked distribution network against two & three wheeler dealer network. Based on the data, they developed new dealership format called 1S (Sales), as against traditional 3S dealership network. Each existing Tata Motors 3S Dealer (Sales, Service & Spares) was required to set up 8 to 20 1S centers in their region and staff them with existing employees. Within 3 months 300 new distribution points were set up.Promotion: Tata motors used both Print and TV media to position and promote the product. – Chota Hathi – Symbol of Power, Reliability and â€Å"Mini† product A boy rushing to school, Wife seeing off for the day, Off to Work in Tata Ace and Going to School in Tata Ace. Also their positioning statements viz. , o India’s first Mini truck o Small is Big o Stability & Trust of big truck o Economic liberation o Feel good about jab o T ransportation at the last mile 5) What is the current trend of TATA ACE. Who are their competitors and suggest a future steps taken for TATA ACE?Present day competitors are : – Mahindra Gio – Mahindra Maxximo – Piagio Ape Mini Truck Force Trump Minidor. A few steps suggested for TATA ACE to continue to be the top seller are: – Continue to innovate and ring in changes to make the vehicle more fuel efficient. Increase engine torque to demonstrate performance in hilly regions Continue to control costs and offer competitive price to customers Increase Go Green initiative with increase in ENG and Electric drive variants Target export market aggressively; with both features and better pricing.

Book Review of Primo Levis Survival in Auschwitz Essay

Book Review of Primo Levis Survival in Auschwitz World War II was a war that took many lives from civilians that deserved to have a life of their own. They were ordinary people who were victims from a horrible and lengthy war that brought out the worst in some people. In Primo Levis Survival in Auschwitz, Levi gives a detailed account of his life in a concentration camp. Primo Levi was a young Italian chemist who was only twenty-four years old when he was captured by the Nazis in 1943. He spent two long and torturous years at Auschwitz before the Russian army freed the remaining prisoners of the camp. He tells about life inside the camp and how tough it was to be held like an animal for so long. He says they were treated as†¦show more content†¦The one thing all of the prisoners had in common was hunger, which laid the foundation for their life in Auschwitz. The prisoners in Auschwitz were treated very poorly and the world came crashing down on them even before they were brought there. When Levi was informed that he was going to be going to Auschwitz from Turin, Italy he did not know what to expect but he did not expect this. He said, dancing before my eyes I see the spaghetti which we had just cooked, Vanda, Luciana, and I, at the sorting-camp when we suddenly heard the news that we would leave for here the following day; and were eating it and we stopped (74). He was not aware that he would not be able to eat like this ever in the camp and was almost convinced that he would never eat like that again period. He thought about this in one of the rare moments that he had a chance to think about his past life that was very depressing for anyone to think about. They all thought they would be stuck there forever which it seemed liked already. The hunger that took over for everybody became the basis for their complex social structure. They would use rations of bread as the currency for things that they would need. They would buy spoons, shirts, and other things that they would need to survive inside the camp. The veterans could tell who the new people in the camp were because the new arrivals would stash half rations of bread in their coats while the veterans could not do that because theyShow MoreRelatedA Journey Through Auschwitz Concentration Camp in If This Is a Man by Primo Levi802 Words   |  3 Pages If This Is a Man by Primo Levi is a story about his personal experience of the journey through Auschwitz Concentration Camp. Right from the very first trip to the unknown destination, to the point of near death, Primo’s life was a constant battle between life and death. Throughout the book, Primo portrays his walk through living hell in a way that is both powerful and painful. The cover of the book displays a black and white picture of three bald men, one of which is Primo, all in the striped clothesRead MoreAnalysis of the Theme of Survival in Auschwitz Essay2577 Words   |  11 PagesSurvival in Auschwitz tells of the horrifying and inhuman conditions of life in the Auschwitz death camp as personally witnessed and experienced by the author, Primo Levi. Levi is an Italian Jew and chemist, who at the age of twenty-five, was arrested with an Italian resistance group and sent to the Nazi Auschwitz death camp in Poland in the end of 1943. For ten terrible months, Levi endured the cruel and inhuman death camp where men slaved away until it was time for them to die. Levi thoroughlyRead MoreSummary : Free Slave Voice 1397 Words   |  6 Pages2015 Free Slave Voice â€Å"Monsters exist, but they are too few in number to be truly dangerous. More dangerous are the common men, the functionaries ready to believe and to act without asking questions.† (Levi) Mr. Levi’s quote is a response to a question about his survival at Auschwitz. In order to correct unjust or evil, we who stand by and say nothing must speak up, be heard, and be understood for we are many and evil is few. (OE) after reading the excerpt of â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the